MongoDB vs PostgreSQL
2026年选择正确工具的详细比较
🏆 快速判定
胜者: PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is the better default choice for most applications due to its versatility, data integrity, and ability to handle both relational and JSON data. MongoDB is better for truly document-oriented workloads that need flexible schemas and horizontal scaling.
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📊 Visual Comparison
总体评分比较
分类细分
MongoDB 亮点
- ✅ Flexible schema — no rigid table definitions required
- ✅ Horizontal scaling with built-in sharding
- 💰 Free / $57/month (dedicated)
PostgreSQL 亮点
- ✅ Full ACID compliance with robust transactions
- ✅ Advanced SQL features (CTEs, window functions, etc.)
- 💰 Free (self-hosted)
功能比较
| Feature | MongoDB | PostgreSQL |
|---|---|---|
| Data Model | Document (JSON/BSON) | Relational + JSON (JSONB) |
| Schema | Flexible/Schemaless | Strict with migrations |
| ACID Transactions | Multi-document (since 4.0) | Full |
| Joins | $lookup (limited) | Full SQL joins |
| Scaling | Horizontal (sharding) | Vertical (read replicas for horizontal) |
| Replication | Replica sets | Streaming + logical |
| Full-text Search | Atlas Search | Built-in (tsvector) |
| Managed Cloud | MongoDB Atlas | Neon, Supabase, RDS, etc. |
| Drivers | 20+ languages | All major languages |
| Time-series | ✓ | Via TimescaleDB |
| Change Streams | ✓ | LISTEN/NOTIFY |
| Aggregation | Pipeline framework | SQL GROUP BY + window functions |
什么是MongoDB？
MongoDB is the leading NoSQL document database. It stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents and is designed for scalability, high availability, and rapid development with schema-less data models.
✅优点
- •Flexible schema — no rigid table definitions required
- •Horizontal scaling with built-in sharding
- •Excellent for rapid prototyping and agile development
- •Native JSON document storage
- •MongoDB Atlas offers a fully managed cloud service
- •Rich query language and aggregation pipeline
❌缺点
- •No native joins (requires $lookup or denormalization)
- •ACID transactions are more limited than relational DBs
- •Can lead to data duplication without careful modeling
- •Higher storage overhead for structured data
- •Not ideal for complex relational data
什么是PostgreSQL？
PostgreSQL is the world's most advanced open-source relational database. Known for its reliability, feature richness, and SQL compliance, it supports both relational and JSON data with strong ACID guarantees.
✅优点
- •Full ACID compliance with robust transactions
- •Advanced SQL features (CTEs, window functions, etc.)
- •Supports both relational and JSON data (JSONB)
- •Excellent data integrity with constraints and types
- •Massive extension ecosystem (PostGIS, pgvector, etc.)
- •Completely free and open-source
❌缺点
- •Vertical scaling primarily (horizontal is complex)
- •More rigid schema requirements
- •Can be slower for simple read-heavy workloads
- •Configuration tuning needed for optimal performance
- •Less intuitive for developers new to SQL
价格比较
MongoDB
Free / $57/month (dedicated)
Free tier (Atlas) / Self-hosted free
✓ 提供免费版View detailed pricing →📊深度分析: MongoDB vs PostgreSQL
在MongoDB和PostgreSQL之间做选择可能很困难，因为两个工具都为现代工作流程提供了吸引人的功能。在这个全面的比较中，我们将分析从功能和定价到实际用例的各个方面，帮助您做出明智的决定。
MongoDB
MongoDB is the leading NoSQL document database. It stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents and is designed for scalability, high availability, and rapid development with schema-less data models.
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is the world's most advanced open-source relational database. Known for its reliability, feature richness, and SQL compliance, it supports both relational and JSON data with strong ACID guarantees.
🎯最佳使用场景
何时选择MongoDB
- ✓适合团队:
Flexible schema — no rigid table definitions required
- ✓适合小型企业:
Horizontal scaling with built-in sharding
- ✓适合大企业:
Excellent for rapid prototyping and agile development
何时选择PostgreSQL
- ✓适合个人:
Full ACID compliance with robust transactions
- ✓适合小型企业:
Advanced SQL features (CTEs, window functions, etc.)
- ✓适合团队:
Supports both relational and JSON data (JSONB)
🔍功能深入分析
Data Model
Schema
ACID Transactions
Joins
Scaling
Replication
💰定价分析
MongoDB
Free tier (Atlas) / Self-hosted free
✅ Free tier availablePostgreSQL
Free and open-source
✅ Free tier available💡 Pro Tip
Both tools offer free trials or tiers. We recommend testing both with your actual workflow before committing to a paid plan.
🏆我们的推荐
经过广泛的分析和测试，这是我们的看法：MongoDB和PostgreSQL都是能够显著提高生产力的优秀工具。最佳选择取决于您的具体需求、工作流程和优先级。
Choose MongoDB if:
You have truly unstructured data, need horizontal scaling, or are building real-time applications where schema flexibility is essential.
Choose PostgreSQL if:
You want robust data integrity, need complex queries and joins, or are building a typical web application where data relationships matter.
常见问题
For simple document reads and writes, MongoDB can be faster. For complex queries involving joins and aggregations, PostgreSQL typically outperforms. Real-world performance depends heavily on data modeling and indexing.
最终结论：您应该选择哪个？
✨ 选择MongoDB，如果
You have truly unstructured data, need horizontal scaling, or are building real-time applications where schema flexibility is essential.
✨ 选择PostgreSQL，如果
You want robust data integrity, need complex queries and joins, or are building a typical web application where data relationships matter.