MongoDB vs PostgreSQL
2026년 올바른 도구 선택을 위한 상세 비교
🏆 빠른 결론
승자: PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is the better default choice for most applications due to its versatility, data integrity, and ability to handle both relational and JSON data. MongoDB is better for truly document-oriented workloads that need flexible schemas and horizontal scaling.
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📊 Visual Comparison
전체 점수 비교
카테고리별 분석
MongoDB 하이라이트
- ✅ Flexible schema — no rigid table definitions required
- ✅ Horizontal scaling with built-in sharding
- 💰 Free / $57/month (dedicated)
PostgreSQL 하이라이트
- ✅ Full ACID compliance with robust transactions
- ✅ Advanced SQL features (CTEs, window functions, etc.)
- 💰 Free (self-hosted)
기능 비교
| Feature | MongoDB | PostgreSQL |
|---|---|---|
| Data Model | Document (JSON/BSON) | Relational + JSON (JSONB) |
| Schema | Flexible/Schemaless | Strict with migrations |
| ACID Transactions | Multi-document (since 4.0) | Full |
| Joins | $lookup (limited) | Full SQL joins |
| Scaling | Horizontal (sharding) | Vertical (read replicas for horizontal) |
| Replication | Replica sets | Streaming + logical |
| Full-text Search | Atlas Search | Built-in (tsvector) |
| Managed Cloud | MongoDB Atlas | Neon, Supabase, RDS, etc. |
| Drivers | 20+ languages | All major languages |
| Time-series | ✓ | Via TimescaleDB |
| Change Streams | ✓ | LISTEN/NOTIFY |
| Aggregation | Pipeline framework | SQL GROUP BY + window functions |
MongoDB란?
MongoDB is the leading NoSQL document database. It stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents and is designed for scalability, high availability, and rapid development with schema-less data models.
✅장점
- •Flexible schema — no rigid table definitions required
- •Horizontal scaling with built-in sharding
- •Excellent for rapid prototyping and agile development
- •Native JSON document storage
- •MongoDB Atlas offers a fully managed cloud service
- •Rich query language and aggregation pipeline
❌단점
- •No native joins (requires $lookup or denormalization)
- •ACID transactions are more limited than relational DBs
- •Can lead to data duplication without careful modeling
- •Higher storage overhead for structured data
- •Not ideal for complex relational data
PostgreSQL란?
PostgreSQL is the world's most advanced open-source relational database. Known for its reliability, feature richness, and SQL compliance, it supports both relational and JSON data with strong ACID guarantees.
✅장점
- •Full ACID compliance with robust transactions
- •Advanced SQL features (CTEs, window functions, etc.)
- •Supports both relational and JSON data (JSONB)
- •Excellent data integrity with constraints and types
- •Massive extension ecosystem (PostGIS, pgvector, etc.)
- •Completely free and open-source
❌단점
- •Vertical scaling primarily (horizontal is complex)
- •More rigid schema requirements
- •Can be slower for simple read-heavy workloads
- •Configuration tuning needed for optimal performance
- •Less intuitive for developers new to SQL
가격 비교
MongoDB
Free / $57/month (dedicated)
Free tier (Atlas) / Self-hosted free
✓ 무료 플랜 제공View detailed pricing →📊심층 분석: MongoDB vs PostgreSQL
MongoDB와 PostgreSQL 중에서 선택하는 것은 두 도구 모두 현대적인 워크플로우에 매력적인 기능을 제공하기 때문에 어려울 수 있습니다. 이 종합 비교에서는 기능과 가격부터 실제 사용 사례까지 모든 측면을 분석하여 정보에 입각한 결정을 내리는 데 도움을 드립니다.
MongoDB
MongoDB is the leading NoSQL document database. It stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents and is designed for scalability, high availability, and rapid development with schema-less data models.
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is the world's most advanced open-source relational database. Known for its reliability, feature richness, and SQL compliance, it supports both relational and JSON data with strong ACID guarantees.
🎯최적의 사용 사례
MongoDB을 선택해야 할 때
- ✓팀을 위해:
Flexible schema — no rigid table definitions required
- ✓중소기업을 위해:
Horizontal scaling with built-in sharding
- ✓대기업을 위해:
Excellent for rapid prototyping and agile development
PostgreSQL을 선택해야 할 때
- ✓개인을 위해:
Full ACID compliance with robust transactions
- ✓중소기업을 위해:
Advanced SQL features (CTEs, window functions, etc.)
- ✓팀을 위해:
Supports both relational and JSON data (JSONB)
🔍기능 심층 분석
Data Model
Schema
ACID Transactions
Joins
Scaling
Replication
💰가격 분석
MongoDB
Free tier (Atlas) / Self-hosted free
✅ 무료 플랜 제공PostgreSQL
Free and open-source
✅ 무료 플랜 제공💡 Pro Tip
두 도구 모두 무료 체험 또는 무료 플랜을 제공합니다. 유료 플랜에 가입하기 전에 실제 워크플로우에서 두 도구를 모두 테스트해보시기 바랍니다.
🏆우리의 추천
광범위한 분석과 테스트 후, 우리의 결론은 다음과 같습니다: MongoDB와 PostgreSQL 모두 생산성을 크게 향상시킬 수 있는 훌륭한 도구입니다. 최선의 선택은 여러분의 구체적인 요구 사항, 워크플로우, 우선순위에 따라 달라집니다.
MongoDB을 선택하세요:
You have truly unstructured data, need horizontal scaling, or are building real-time applications where schema flexibility is essential.
PostgreSQL을 선택하세요:
You want robust data integrity, need complex queries and joins, or are building a typical web application where data relationships matter.
자주 묻는 질문
For simple document reads and writes, MongoDB can be faster. For complex queries involving joins and aggregations, PostgreSQL typically outperforms. Real-world performance depends heavily on data modeling and indexing.
최종 결론: 무엇을 선택해야 할까요?
✨ MongoDB을 선택하세요, 만약
You have truly unstructured data, need horizontal scaling, or are building real-time applications where schema flexibility is essential.
✨ PostgreSQL을 선택하세요, 만약
You want robust data integrity, need complex queries and joins, or are building a typical web application where data relationships matter.